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\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 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\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 1995 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u064f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c 13\u201323 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/leo-xiv\/ar\/travels\/2026\/documents\/africa-13-23aprile2026.html\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 1968 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 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\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064d \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;Emmanuel Dupuy. G\u00e9opolitique de la diplomatie informelle : L\u2019exemple de la communaut\u00e9 de Sant\u2019Egidio. Mai 2007. Acad\u00e9mie de G\u00e9opolitique de Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VNurL0aAv6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academiedegeopolitiquedeparis.com\/geopolitique-de-la-diplomatie-informelle-lexemple-de-la-communaute-de-santegidio\/\">G\u00c9OPOLITIQUE DE LA DIPLOMATIE INFORMELLE : L&rsquo;EXEMPLE DE LA COMMUNAUT\u00c9 DE SANT&rsquo;EGIDIO<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0G\u00c9OPOLITIQUE DE LA DIPLOMATIE INFORMELLE : L&rsquo;EXEMPLE DE LA COMMUNAUT\u00c9 DE SANT&rsquo;EGIDIO\u00a0\u00bb &#8212; Acad\u00e9mie de G\u00e9opolitique de Paris\" src=\"https:\/\/academiedegeopolitiquedeparis.com\/geopolitique-de-la-diplomatie-informelle-lexemple-de-la-communaute-de-santegidio\/embed\/#?secret=ReEq7OnXUl#?secret=VNurL0aAv6\" data-secret=\"VNurL0aAv6\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Rivoire. Le crime de Tibhirine: R\u00e9v\u00e9lations sur les responsables. La D\u00e9couverte. Paris (2011).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a: \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 (https:\/\/bit.ly\/3puWLRZ)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Rivoire. Op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 (\u0635) \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a &#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> Nikolai Hegertun. Faith-based Mediation? Sant\u2019 Egidio\u2019s peace efforts in Mozambique and Algeria. Master Thesis, Peace and Conflict Studies, Universitetet I Oslo, May 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" id=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> Baudouin Loos. Le r\u00e9gime alg\u00e9rien rejette l&#8217;offre de l&#8217;opposition. <em>Le Soir<\/em> (Bruxelles). 19 janvier 1995 (https:\/\/bit.ly\/2UMwXTl).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref17\" id=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref18\" id=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref19\" id=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref20\" id=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref21\" id=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref22\" id=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a>&nbsp;D\u00e9clarations de M. Alain Jupp\u00e9, ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, sur les priorit\u00e9s de la France pour sa pr\u00e9sidence de l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne. Vie publique, 16 janvier 1995. (https:\/\/bit.ly\/4tQZpSy)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref23\" id=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a> Baudouin Loos. Op. cit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629 | \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rachad.org\/fr\/?p=2102\">Dix observations sur la visite du pape L\u00e9on XIV en Alg\u00e9rie<br><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0629 | \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u064f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 13 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0621 14 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2026\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6665,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[41],"class_list":["post-6663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-21","tag-41"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6663","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6663"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6663\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6667,"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6663\/revisions\/6667"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6663"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6663"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rachad.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6663"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}